Block Device Files:-
Block device files talks to devices block by block [1 block at a time (1 block = 512 bytes to 32KB)].
Examples: – USB disk, CDROM, Hard Disk
# ls /dev/sd*
| brw-rw—- | 1 root | root | 8, | 0 Mar 15 2009 sda |
| brw-rw—- | 1 root | root | 8, | 1 Mar 15 2009 sda1 |
| brw-rw—- | 1 root | root | 8, | 2 Mar 15 2009 sda2 |
| brw-rw—- | 1 root | root | 8, | 3 Mar 15 2009 sda3 |
| brw-rw—- | 1 root | root | 8, | 4 Mar 15 2009 sda4 |
| brw-rw—- | 1 root | root | 8, | 16 Mar 15 2009 sdb |
Character Device Files:-
Character device files talk to devices character by character.
Examples: – Virtual terminals, terminals, serial modems, random numbers
#ls /dev/tty*
| crw-rw—- | 1 root | root | 4, | 64 Mar 15 2009 ttyS0 |
| crw-rw—- | 1 root | root | 4, | 65 Mar 15 2009 ttyS1 |
| crw-rw—- | 1 root | root | 4, | 66 Mar 15 2009 ttyS2 |
| crw-rw—- | 1 root | root | 4, | 67 Mar 15 2009 ttyS3 |
rpm -ivh test-1.0-1.i386.rpm
Q: – If a file associated with test-1.0-1.i386.rpm deleted, than How we will recover that file?
We can reinstall this rpm again.
Q: – Which options are required to upgrade a RPM?
Upgrading a package is similar to installing one. Type the following command at a shell prompt:
rpm -Uvh test-2.0-1.i386.rpm
/var/lib/rpm
/dev/psaux
Q: – If you are getting error "package is already installed" but you have to install package any how. what option you will use?
rpm -ivh test-1.0-1.i386.rpm
Preparing… ########################################### [100%] package test-1.0-1 is already installed
In this case you can use "–replacepkgs" option.
rpm -ivh –replacepkgs test-1.0-1.i386.rpm
It will queries all currently installed packages.
/dev/lp0
Submitted By:-Parveen Kumar Email-ID: – parveen.antil@gmail.com
